Dna And Multiple Cloning Sites Essay - 1407 Words

Introduction In this investigation pUC19 plasmids were used as the vector due to its small size of 2686bp, high uptake efficiency by the host and fast replication time. Important features of this plasmid include the origin of replication and multiple cloning sites (MCS). The origin of replication allows the plasmid to replicate inside the host bacterium. The MCS is located within the lacZ gene and contains unique sites for the Xbal EcoRI restirction enzymes to cut and produce sticky ends for the CIH-1 gene to bind to. Furthermore, the pUC19 plasmid also contains an ampiccilin resistance gene so only transforemed E.coli are able to remain viable when spread on the agar plates that also has the addition of ampiccilin. The lacZ gene encodes the ÃŽ ²-galactosidase enzyme which aids in indentifying the recombinant E.coli from the non recombinant cells (Coventry University 2016). The addition of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-ÃŽ ²-thiogalactoside (X-gal) in the agar mix acts as an artifical substrate for the enzyme so it produces blue E.coli colonies when hydrolised by the ÃŽ ²-galactosidase meaning those specific colonies do not contain the plasmid with the CIH-1 insert (non recombinant E.coli) (Coventry University 2016). Isopropyl-ÃŽ ²-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) an artifical transcription inducer of the lacZ gene is also added into the agar mix, binding to the repressor gene and inactivating it. Therefore when the CIH-1 gene is incorporated within the plasmid MCS and inserted into the E.coliShow MoreRelatedPolymerase Chain Reaction Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesOne may view cloning as copying a living thing and producing multiple copies. People may think of cloning rabbits, sheep or humans. In the field of molecular biology, however cloning is viewed at a genetic molecular level, where a piece of DNA is copied on a large-scale by genetically copying tens to hu ndreds of thousands of identical DNA fragments. Researchers are developing new methods of cloning by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was introduced in the 1980s and in recent years KaryRead MoreEscherichia Coli : Is A Well Studied Gram Negative Bacteria916 Words   |  4 Pageslevel of DNA supercoiling, an important property of DNA and chromatin (Gilbert and Allan, 2014). The supercoiling level is modified by a reaction that consists in the transient breakage of the DNA phosphodiester bonds and the movement of strands across the transient breaks (Tse-Dinh and Wang, 1986). In prokaryotes, these enzymes can be classified into two major groups, according to the mechanism of action. While the topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) generates negative supercoils into relaxed DNA and relaxRead MoreDna Lab Report1345 Words   |  6 Pages The genomic DNA sample concentration of 28.5 ng/ÃŽ ¼L and its A260/A280 ratio of 1.85 indicates that the DNA was relatively pure since a 260/280 ratio of ~1.8 is generally accepted as pure for DNA (Cox, Doudna O’Donnell, 2015). The ratio of white colonies to blue colonies observed on the blue-white screen plate was 31:37, which shows that there was a greater number of E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± that did not contain the plasmid with the foreign gene insert. Therefore, out of all of the E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± cells thatRead MoreVibrio Fischeri Is A Bacterium That Served As The Model Organism802 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiment, Vibrio fischeri chromosomal DNA was isolated by lysing the bacterial membranes and removing the proteins and lipids. Addition of a lysozyme solution breaks down the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative bacteria and proteinase K/SDS degrades the proteins and disrupt the membranes. Liquid-liquid extraction using Tris-buffered phenol permits separation of proteins and lipi ds from the DNA into the organic layer. It is also essential that the isolated DNA is pure and free of proteins, sugarsRead MoreA Segment Of The Will Die Slowly Gene From Drosophila Melanogaster1688 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: â€Å"PCR amplification, TA cloning, sequencing and sequence analysis of a segment of the will die slowly gene from Drosophila melanogaster.† Abstact: A seemingly novel gene sequence has been discovered in fruit flies from Nicholas Harden’s lab at Simon Fraser University using random PCR primers. Attempts at purifying and characterizing this gene have been elusive. Here, we show methods for isolating, amplifying, and purifying the gene of interest for analysis. Using polymerase chain reactionRead MoreEssay On Mutation1657 Words   |  7 Pagesframeshift mutations. How are these mutations the same and how are they different? Silent, missense, and nonsense mutations all occur when base substitutions happen (text p.206). A base substitution is when the wrong nucleotide is incorporated during DNA synthesis, this is the most common mutation (lecture). In a silent mutation a base substitution occurs, incorporating an incorrect nucleotide, the result is a codon that codes for an amino acid that is the same as the wild type (text p. 206). In a missenseRead MoreVectors Used in Biotechnology2739 Words   |  11 Pagesclosed circula r, double-stranded, extrachromosomal DNA molecules which occur naturally in bacteria, yeast, and some higher eukaryotic cells, and exist in a parasitic or symbiotic relationship with their host cell (Lodish et al., 2000) The main application of plasmids is as cloning vectors in gene cloning. In gene cloning, a fragment of DNA, containing the gene to be cloned is inserted into a circular molecule called the â€Å"vector† to produce recombinant DNA molecule. Plasmids are one of the most commonlyRead MoreGene Regulation For Safety Assessment946 Words   |  4 Pagesapplied to all procedures, and universal precautions and lab safety protocols are followed. Transformation Methods: 1. The Isolation of Gene of Interest from Pseudomonas putida 2. The Cloning Process 3. Transformation of bacteria Quality Control: 1. Selection and screening of Recombinant cells 2. Purification of DNA 3. Purification and Storage of Bacteria. 1. The Isolation of Gene of Interest from Pseudomonas putida: The isolation of P.putida strain was carried out by using P-2 media. This mediaRead MoreStem Cell Research1167 Words   |  5 Pages. Stem cell is a cell that has the ability to change into several or multiple types of cells or into any cell type in the body. There are two main types of stem cells, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in cells that have only undergone the first few dozen cycles of growth and division following the fusion of egg and sperm. These cells are pluripotent and can be maintained so that they grow and divide indefinitely without differentiating. Likewise, theyRead MoreDescription And Function Of Mutagenesis1345 Words   |  6 PagesSite-directed mutagenesis is a method used to construct amino acid changes in a protein in order to test the function of a specific amino acid. It is the way to study protein structure and function change the amino acid sequence of a protein by altering the DNA sequence of cloned gene4. A particular amino acid is very important in catalytic activity, ligand binding, protein folding or other function. Amino acid residue significance is tested by making conservative substitutions or by changing the

Chemistry Lab Safety Contract

This is a chemistry lab safety contract that you can print or assign for students and parents to read. Chemistry lab involves chemicals, flames, and other hazards. Education is important, but safety is the top priority. I will behave responsibly in the chemistry lab. Pranks, running around, pushing others, distracting others and horseplay may result in accidents in the lab.I will perform only the experiments authorized by my instructor. It can be dangerous to make up your own experiments. Also, performing additional experiments may take resources away from other students.I will not eat food or drink beverages in the lab.I will dress appropriately for chemistry lab. Tie back long hair so it cant fall into flames or chemicals, wear closed-toe shoes (no sandals or flip-flops), and avoid dangling jewelry or clothing that could pose a hazard.I will learn where the lab safety equipment is located and how to use it.I will notify my instructor immediately if I am injured in the lab or splashed by a chemical, even if no injury is apparent. Student: I have reviewed these safety rules and will abide by them. I agree to abide by the instructions given to me by my lab instructor. Student Signature: Date: Parent or Guardian: have reviewed these safety rules and agree to support my child and the teacher in creating and maintaining a safe lab environment. Parent or Guardian Signature: Date:

Analysis Of The Internal Struggles Of Nite Owl And Batman

Putting the Mask Back On: An Analysis of the Internal Struggles of Nite Owl and Batman â€Å"Most of us have two lives. The life we live, and the unlived life within us. Between the two stands Resistance.† Author Steven Presfield denotes here that there is usually an internal struggle in us, and the resistance between what we have and what we want to have. Some people will develop more resistance than others, however. Masked heroes possess this problem the most as they have to lead lives that are almost mutually exclusive, however difficult that may be. The best illustrations of this concept come in the form of Daniel Dreiberg, better known as the Second Nite Owl, accompanied by Bruce Wayne, better known as Batman. Both of these heroes took a hiatus from hero work, and then had to struggle as to decide whether or not to take back on their hero identities, causing an internal struggle relating to their identity. Both heroes have the internal struggle, however the origins and resolutions of those struggles come from different places. Prior to the events of Watchmen and The Dark Knight Returns, both Dan Dreiberg and Bruce Wayne had time when they went and fought crime under their assumed identities, then they thusly retired. Dan hung up his costume after the passage of the Keene Act, which outlawed any type of costumed vigilantism unless it was government sponsored, which placed him in a forced retirement. Bruce retired the Batman as he had gotten too old to warrant his continued

Hewlett Packard Essay Example For Students

Hewlett Packard Essay Hewlett Packard started in 1939 in a garage by two people, Bill Hewlett andDavid Packard with just $538 of working capital. After a string of failures,their companys first successful product, an audio oscillator better thananything on the market, earned a U.S. patent and an order from Disney Studiosfor eight units to help produce the animated film Fantasia. From 1940 to 1950they moved from their garage to a rented building on Page Mill Road in Palo Altoand then constructed their first HP-owned building that was 10,000 square foot. In 1957, HP had their first public stock offering November 6, 1957 and netrevenues were $30 million with 1,778 employees and 373 products. In the1960s, HP was listed on the New York and Pacific exchanges as HWP and had itsfirst listing on Fortune magazine as of one of the 500 U.S. companies. HP in1967 started operations in Boeblingen, Germany introducing a non-invasive fetalheart monitor that helps babies by detecting fetal distress during labor. In the1970s revenues increased to $365 million with over 16,000 employees. ( HP.com) In the 1980s revenues again increased to $6.5 billion with over 85,000employees. They introduced their first personal computer, the HP-85 andintroduced HP LaserJet printers, the companys most successful single productever considered a standard for laser printing today. HP moves to the top 50 onFortune 500 listing 1 at No. 49. Finally in the 1990s, HP opens researchfacilities in Tokyo, Japan with net revenues of $13.2 billion and over 91,000employees. ( HP. com ) HP also introduced portable computers that lasted onbatteries that would last a flight across the U.S. All these products moved HPto the No. 2 position in the U.S. market. Today HP has ballooned into amultinational company with 104 divisions, 123,000 employees worldwide, 19,000products and sales over $47 billion. ( HP.com ) Great products ultimately comefrom the minds of motivated and capable employees, the second key to HPssuccess. After the Second World War, the company began to hire talented engineerand scientist that were no longer working in the war that were from othertechnology companies and government funded labs. These were high pricedexperienced workers that helped HPs development of different successfulproducts. ( personal Journal ) The company structure looks like a pyramid. Atthe top are the board of directors followed by President and Vice President. There are Presidents and Vice Presidents in different divisions of the company. Finally, there are general managers, middle managers, lower managers andemployees. Hewlett Packards Mission statement is to improve the waysindividuals and organizations around the world create, access, use andcommunicate information on the road or from the desktop, in the office and inthe home. HP is a worldwide leader in personal computing; setting new standardsin such areas 2- as Mobil computing network management, 3-D graphics andinformation storage. Computer products include eight manufacturing divisions inNorth America, Europe and Asia, with sales and support in more than 110countries. These divisions are separated in Mobile Computer Division, BusinessDesktop Division, Home Products Division, Asia Pacific PC Division, WorkstationSystems Division and information storage group. ( Information Week ) Asexplained above HP global market place allows the company to expand in differentcountries and people in two ways. First HP.com allows virtually anyone withInternet access to log on under the URL and actually order online. One problemthat some companies are having is that 65% of the Internet cites are only inEnglish. ( www.firstsearch.com ) On Hewlett Packards website you only need tochoose the country that you live in and the pages will translate the text intothat language. There is product information about you future or presentpurchases, software updates of the product, and also technical support throughemail. Finally HP has 24 hours a day 7 days a week of customer supportthroughout the countries that have operators to assist you on the product. People are more willing to buy products and services from a manufacture that canprovide both the support and the opportunity to buy easily from Hewlett Packard,and HP provides this! One example is that Dell a online company that buildcomputer as they are order from the customers and the business offer one of thebest support and 3 warranties in the computer industry. HP is followingtheir online strategy closely to Dells way of operating the sales andcustomers. As this company expands in growth it leaves other smaller companiesbehind that cant compete with this computer giant. These smaller companieshave trouble to match HPs prices and customer support. One example of this isa local owned family shops in a country that are not able to compete with theytype of products and services offered by HP and these companies either have tostop selling or move away from the competition. With communication andtechnology growth, it will be easier to climb the cultural boundaries that othercompanie s had trouble overcoming in the past. This would be in having othercountries buying an American made product. The Internet is helping in crossingthose boundaries by offering global support and products. With the support andproducts offered by HP, other companies may have troubles trying to match oroutperform. This leads to closing down of shops and other smaller retailer thatcan affect jobs in that country. People of other diversities may have problemaccepting these changes and may not want to make the change. The oldergeneration that is not ready or unable to use computers may have troublesadapting to buying over the Internet. Another problem is not all people fromother countries are financially able to pay for a computer like people in theU.S. This could be another problem that HP is not yet ready to overcome. Food in genetics EssayPrices doubled 100% in August and then again in September. This suspended thedemand in PCs during the holiday season. In entry-level computer HP was againbehind IBM with 12% of market share compared to IBMs 21%. HP has gainedmarket share in the midrange PCs with 21% compared to IBMs 23%. ( Standard Poors ) HP grew in market share during the end of 1999 from 6.2% to 8.4%. HPs growth rate worldwide is 39.6%, which is the second fastest growth ratebehind Dell computer. In revenues HP is 2nd behind IBM with $47 billion and 2ndagain in net income behind IBM with $2.9 billion. Under operating profit marginsHP ranked 6th with 8.16%and with return in capital of 15.51% also 6th in theindustry. ( Moodys Industry Review ) One thing that HP does lack in is incomputer sales in other countries outside of the U.S., like Canada where theyare not even ranked in the top 5. Globally HP leads the printer market withtheir HP inkjet printers and is gaining market share in the PCs. HP is growingrapidly into the worldwide market and is growing at a faster rate than beforebecause of the global access offered to business and customers over theInternet. 10 BibliographyGlobal Computer Industry, New York Times, New York; Jan 29, 1999; LateEdition; pg.C.18 Hoovers Online Business Network; computer industry analysis;hoovers.com Tobi Elkin; Advertising Age, Chicago; Jan 31, 2000; Vol. 71, Iss. 5;Midwest region edition; pg. 32, 3 pgs Laabs, Jennifer J. (1993), HewlettPackards core values drive HR strategy, Personal Journal, 72, 9 (February)38-48 History, (2000), http://www.hp.com (accessed 2-9-00) HewlettPackard Company (2000), http://www.firstsearch.oclc.org (accessed 2-9-2000)Korzenowski, Paul (1999), Hewlett Packard Makeover Starts Turning Heads, InformationWeek, 761, 9 (February) 189-192 Moodys Industry review (1999), Comparative Rankings. Computer Hardware, (1999), Standards and PoorsLazich S. Robert; Market Share Reporter, (1999) pg 190-192 11

The Woody Manufacturing Company

Step 1: The most relevant facts The Woody Manufacturing Company produces bar stools. The demand for its products has recently increased and the owner Mr. Woody has to expand the organization. In particular, one should focus on the design of management structure, the allocation of duties to employees, or compensation system.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Woody Manufacturing Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most important task for Mr. Woody is to decide how to organize the work of employees. Their activities should correspond to the bar stool-making process which consists of 15 steps. Moreover, Mr. Woody is concerned about the elimination of defects and late deliveries because they lead to additional costs. Steps 2 and 3: The root problem and the main components of the problem In this case, the main problem is the lack of a clear approach to the manufacturing process. As it has been said befo re, bar stool-making process includes 15 steps. However, Mr. Woody does not know how to reduce operational costs and ensure high quality of products. There are several components of this problem. There are several elements of this problem. First of all, one should speak about the increased risks of defects at the early stages of manufacturing process.Secondly, it is important to remember about the changes in demand. Step 4: Generating Alternatives It is possible to offer several recommendations to Mr. Woody. First of all, he can hire part-time workers who will be needed at the time when the demand for the products of the factory increases. In turn, the management team will be employed on a permanent basis. Secondly, Mr. Woody can employ a great number of employees in order to make sure that the risk of defects or late deliveries is reduced to the minimum. Thirdly, it is possible to allocate the most skillful employees to such activities as the selection of wood, cutting, and removal of defects, because the failure to cope with these tasks leads to additional costs, late deliveries, and dissatisfaction of clients. Moreover, the compensation of workers and managers should increase provided that the organizational performance improves. Step 5: Evaluating Alternatives There are several strengths and weaknesses of these alternatives. The employment of part-time workers is possible if there are sharp changes in demand. However, this strategy does not help the company to promote professional growth of employees. In turn, by hiring a greater number of workers, Mr. Woody can improve the quality of products; nevertheless, the costs will increase. In turn, the third strategy can enable Mr. Woody to achieve the most effective organization of labor and increase the motivation of both managers and workers.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Step 6: Choice of the A lternative I would recommend the third alternative because it is helpful for maintaining the excellent quality of products and increasing the profitability of an organization. Step 7: Implementation Plan During the first days, the employees will be divided into the teams that will complete different stages of manufacturing process. Secondly, at the end of each month, the employees’ performance will be evaluated on the basis of the revenues derived by the company. Furthermore, at the end of every week, the managers and employees will have to identify and eliminate inefficiencies that lead to delays and defects. Step 8: Alternative Choice The validity of a plan will be evaluated at the end of each month. Much attention should be paid to such criteria as operational costs, the number of late deliveries, and opinions of clients. If the company does not reach expected standards, the management should adopt a different strategy. Mr. Moody may decide to employ a greater number of em ployees because the Woody Manufacturing Company can extend successfully if it offers high quality products to clients. This case study on The Woody Manufacturing Company was written and submitted by user Zariah Richard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wendys Fast Food Restaurant

Sex And Teens Essays - Human Sexuality, Personal Life, Free Essays

Sex And Teens Essays - Human Sexuality, Personal Life, Free Essays Sex And Teens Sex, or the lack there of, will always be a topic among teens. Teens date, and teens have relationships. Most of these relationships will inevitably come to a point where one must chose whether to seize the moment and have sex with their partner, or they will set standards ahead of time saying they will not have sex until marriage. Every teen is either on one side of the fence or the other; they either will have premarital sex, or they will abstain. These two stances shed light on why sex is out of control today, what the world thinks about sex, and what religion says about sexual immorality. The facts are evident: teens have sex. It seems almost impossible to calculate the number of teens who are actually having premarital sex, because, of course, they don't wish to confess. Some teens though, have no choice but to confess because their actions lead to severe consequences such as pregnancy. Forty-three Percent of adolescent women become pregnant at least once before age 20 (Internet 1). That fact alone concludes that the choice of waiting for sex is in close running with the choice of not waiting. In the United States alone, more than 2,800 adolescents become pregnant each day. 1,300 of these girls give birth, 1,100 have abortions, and 400 have miscarriages (Internet 1). These astounding facts prove that sex may be considered out of control among teens today. In the olden days, around the Victorian period, sex was far from the topic that it is today. Also, during this time premarital sex was unthinkable. What happened between then and now that caused such an uproar? The world says that sex has become out of control because it was hushed for so long. But, for the last 20 years, sex has most defiantly not been hushed. If hushing up had been the cause of the trouble, ventilation would have set it right. But it has not (Lewis 92). As the world talks more and more about sex, and as the consequences of pregnancy Page 1 decrease through birth control methods, the issue of sex starts getting out of control. Birth control has had a huge impact on the increase of sexual activity. But, it wasn't until the early seventies that it became an issue in America. In 1972 the Supreme Court completely legalized birth control (Corfman 3). Also around this time came the invention of the pill. This wonder drug completely revolutionized the way humans viewed sex. People were no longer afraid of sex since the consequences of pregnancy almost vanished. Intercourse was promoted as an expression of love, and since then has become a casual affair to most of the world. The world view states that intercourse is merely the ultimate way to express love. This statement completely isolates sex from marriage and downsizes it to become almost equal with a kiss which is also an expression of love. All around is heard the saying that sex is nothing to be ashamed of. This cliche is mostly true, but that does not mean sex should be talked about so openly. In fact, talking about the sex in the state that it is now should almost be shameful. C.S. Lewis uses a great illustration to express this point. Lewis says that there is nothing to be ashamed of in enjoying food, but there would be everything to be ashamed of if half the world made food the main interest of their lives and spent time looking at pictures of food and drooling and licking their lips (Lewis 92). As the sexual entertainment industry continues to grow people continue to degrade sex until it reaches the point of being almost meaningless. They view sex in the shameful way that Lewis refers to. Beco ming obsessed and controlled by their physical lust, they let their emotions and desires control their actions. Naturally, sex is a desire of every human being. The way that humans control this desire is what separates the world view from the Christian view. The world promotes pursuing urges and desires; seizing the day. A great example from the world view is Andrew Marvell's poem, Page 2 To His Coy Mistress. In this poem Marvell possess